Jeanne-Marie (religious name Rosalie) Rendu was born on September 9, 1786 at Confort in the Ain department. In 1802, at the age of 15, Jeanne-Marie entered the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul (founded 1633 by St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac).
In 1802, Jeanne-Marie (name Sister Rosalie) was assigned to the Mouffetard neighborhood of Paris — the poor working-class Paris district. For 54 years (1802–1856), Sister Rosalie served the Mouffetard poor.
In 1832, when the young Frédéric Ozanam (1813–1853, future founder of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul) sought personal spiritual direction on the vocation of Catholic charitable service to the Paris poor, Sister Rosalie became Frédéric's personal mentor.
On April 23, 1833, Frédéric Ozanam and six companions founded the Society of St. Vincent de Paul (Conferences of Charity) under Sister Rosalie's spiritual direction — the lay-Vincentian apostolate that would extend to the present day (over 800,000 members in 140 countries).
During the 1832 cholera epidemic and the 1848 revolutions, Sister Rosalie undertook the systematic Paris poor-relief ministry. She died at Paris on February 7, 1856 at the age of 69.

